The Attributes of Vanavasin Are His Right-Hand Mudra and A Fly Whisk

Arhat Vanavasin's depiction with the unique right-hand mudra and Fly Whisk highlights the dual aspects of his character. He warns against the perils of ignorance while providing guidance, helping to bring clarity and focus to those on their spiritual path. He makes the gesture of admonition in his right hand, which has the power to neutralize the harm done by the four elements (earth, water, fire, and wind). The mudra also subdues evil intentions and harmful activities afflicted by wicked demons and spirits. Meanwhile, an individual who feels the fanning coolness of his fly-whisk (chamara) will eliminate the evil action committed through body, speech, and mind. The fly whisk (Tibetan: rna-yab) allows a devotee to acquire the knowledge to fully comprehend the Ultimate and Limited Truth.

Such is the power of Arahant Vanavasin's attributes, but there is more to his capabilities. He can easily fulfill a devotee's wishes, even those who have accumulated evil demerits and those who are guilty of having sinned against the sacred Three Holy Jewels. All it takes is to worship and pray to Vanavasin with pure heart and also following the Buddha's teachings.

Who Are the Arhats in Vajrayana Buddhism?

The term "Arhat" (Sanskrit: अरिहत्, Arahant, Tibetan: Drakpo) refers to someone who has attained Nirvana, thus escaping the cycle of samsara, which includes birth, death, and rebirth. This title means "worthy one" or "one deserving of reverence," highlighting their achievement of spiritual freedom. Arhats, also known as Sthaviras or "Noble Ones," are honored for their high spiritual standing as enlightened beings. They were among the first disciples of Shakyamuni Buddha and reached enlightenment by adhering to his teachings. Even after attaining enlightenment, the sixteen Arhats have opted to stay in the world, patiently waiting for the future Buddha, Maitreya. They do this out of compassion, protecting the Buddha's teachings and ensuring the Dharma is preserved until Maitreya arrives, demonstrating a profound dedication to assisting others on their spiritual journeys.

Origin Story of Arhat Vanavasin Before His Arhatship

Vanavasin (Tibetan: Nags-na-gnas, meaning 'forest-dweller') was born and brought up in a wealthy and reputed Brahman family in the city of Kosala, ancient India. He grew up to be a learned scholar of the Four Vedas. In time, he realized that the mind of a wealthy householder was never at rest, as he constantly struggled to guard and conceal his wealth from people above him, his enemies, thieves, and robbers. Though he sought to increase his wealth to support his family, he concluded that he had to resort to uncharitable means. He was always anxious and worried due to his responsibilities of contributing to the king's revenue, busying himself with conducting his business and running his household. 

Nags-na-gnas concluded that with all these distractions and worries, it became difficult for him to follow the 'perfect' path of religion. Hence, he left his home and made his way to the dense grove of Lo-ma-bdun (Grove of the Seven Years) in Saraswati city. Living among a large group of ascetics, the householder also became a monk and diligently followed meditational practices. At this time, Shakyamuni Buddha visited the holy grove where Vanavasin paid his respects wholeheartedly. The Buddha knew that it was the right time to convert him, so he ordained the monk. Vanavasin then listened to the Buddha's teachings and studied and practiced the Three Pitakas, which gained him Arhatship in the upcoming time. Tathagata, too, praisingly referred to him as:

"My dGe-slom Nags-na-gnas is the most excellent of those who dwell in quiet solitude."

Therefore, Arhat Vanavasin became a figure of reverence among sentient beings and divine beings as the one who bestows virtuous blessings and benefits. As a powerful monk, he also made many conversions and pacified the mischievous and harmful spirits who were constantly harming other beings. He became among the ones who uphold the pure teachings of the Buddha.

Iconography of Arhat Vanavasin in Buddhist Art

Arhat Vanavasin holds a distinctive place in Buddhist iconography as his image often conveys his deep spiritual attainment, wisdom, and role as a revered disciple of the Buddha. Here are some key elements of his depiction in Buddhist art:

1. Seated Posture: Arhat Vanavasin is often depicted in a dignified seated position, showcasing his meditative calm and profound enlightenment. This posture reflects a sense of inner tranquility and detachment from worldly matters, symbolizing his achievement of Nirvana and his peaceful presence within the Buddhist tradition.

2. Monastic Robes (Tricivara): He is shown wearing simple monastic robes, which signify his renunciation of material possessions and his full commitment to the monastic life. The robes, frequently embellished with intricate designs in Thangka paintings, highlight his respected status as a venerated Arahant.

3. Fly Whisk Placement: The fly whisk (Chamara) is a key feature of Vanavasin, with different placements seen in various depictions: 

• In some Thangkas, he holds the whisk in his left hand, symbolizing his proactive role in removing obstacles, ignorance, and distractions on the journey to enlightenment. It is mainly depicted in Indian and Nepalese arts due to the Sanskrit Dharmachakra (Wheel of Dharma) Tradition.
• In other representations, the whisk is positioned at his side, indicating a state of readiness and mindfulness, suggesting that he has already transcended all inner and outer disturbances. This is mainly due to the Mahayana's influence on Tibetan arts and crafts.